Method of forming cigars.



A. A. HEYMAN.

METHOD OF FORMING CIGARS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. x5. 1913.

1 ,152,022. Patented Aug. 31, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Witnesses Inventor Attorneys.

A. A. HEYMAN.

METHOD OF FORMING CIGARS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 15. 1913.

1,152,022. Patented Aug. 31, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Inventor,

Attorneys.

Witnesses;

COLUMBIA FLANDGRAN! 60-. WASHINGTON, D. C.

A. A. HEYMAN.

METHOD OF FORMING CIGARS.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 15, 1913.

Patented Aug. 31, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Inventor,

M Attorneys,

COLU IA P AN R N D C Witnesses- A. A. HEYMAN.

METHOD OF FORMING CIGARS.

. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 15, 19I3.

1,152,022. Patented Aug. 31, 1915.

5 SHEETSSHEET 4.

Inventor y I 7 I 4 I Attorneys COLUMBIA FMNOGRAPH CCL, WASHINGTON. D. c.

A. A. HEYMAN.

METHOD OF FORMING CIGARS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 15. 19m.

1,1 52,022.- Patented Aug. 31', 1915.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5.

u v i E 4X W24 752 g Lg 45 JZiflfiZflJQQfi/Zfl/Z Inventor,

Witnesses Attorneys COLUMBIA PLANOURAPH c0. WASHINGTON. n c.

ALBERT A: HEYMA1\T-,-0F BALTIMORE,- MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR '10 UNIVERSALarena MACHINERY co.-, Incl, OE BALTIMOR MARYLA D.

METHOD or FORM'iiIG o'IGARs.

To all whom it m ay concern Be it known that I, ALBERT A. HEYMAN,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimora'in the State of"Maryland, have invented a new and useful Method 'of Ferm ing Cigars, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a method of forming ci'gars, one of theobjects'of thein vention being to produce aplural'ity of cigars ofexactly the same quality, a uni form blend or mixture of toba'ccobeingob' tained' by one step in theinethodj.

Another object is to provide cigars of uni-f form size, the blended"bunches of tobacco being cut and shaped in a novel manner constitutinganother step" in the i'netho'itl.

Another object of the invention is to produce cigars which, when of onegrade or blend, will be identical and without the Vvariation in strengthor quality which it has heretofore been practically impossible to avoid.

A further object'jis to provide a method whereby all cigar's'of onegrade which may be produced, will have the layersof different grades oftobacco arranged in the] same sequence, each layer in each cigar'beingof substantially uniform thickness and being substantiallycontinuousfrom one end to the other of the cigar so that the draft through all ofthe cigarswill be the same and each cigar willbe free of objectionableair spaces such as might be caused by breaks in the layers, andthe grainof all'ofthe'layers will be extended in thedirec'tion of the length ofthe cigars- Vith the foregoing'and other objectsin view the inventionconsists in certain steps in the method of producingv cigars, which willbe hereinafter more fully described and pointed out in the claims, p Incarrying out the invention it is designedto use a number of trays orother suitable receptacles each of which is adapted to'hold a singlelayer or thickness of tobacco leaves. Where the ci ars'to be producedare to be of the same grade of tobacco throughout, each 'tr'ay will beprovided with a single layer of tobacco of'thesame grade.- WVhere,however, a blend is to'be used in the formation of the cigars, certainof the trays Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented Au 31,1915.

Application ine'a ud ehiteris, 191a. serial y-o. 801,178. s

being'deposited and} on this a layer of an-- other grade, etc., thisprocedure being followed until a stack orlbundle of desiredthickness'h'asbeen produced with layers arranged in the order desired.Upon the 'c'o1npletlion oftheformation of the stack which, obviously ismade up of substantially unbroken layers, each layer'being practicallyof uniformthickness, the said stack or bundle is divided in thedirection of the grain so] as to produce separate bunches, each bunchbeing of such bulk that,"whenshaped or rolled, it will produce a cigarof the, desired thickness; If'desire'd, however,

instead'of forming a stack or bundleand dividing it into separatebunches, a longnarrow stack or'bund-le can be produced, the

same-bei'ngso proportionedlas to obviate the necessity of separating it"longitudinally. Upon-the completion of the formation of the bunches, thesame are cut .ofl" into lengths and the said lengthsare shaped byrolling them," after which a binder isapplied.

It is tobe understood that various mechanisms may be} employed-forcarrying out the' process hereinbefore outlined and in'the iaccompanyingdrawings one type of mech-' anism has been shown'more orless diagrammatically;

- Inthese drawings :Figure 1"is a plan View of a series of trays for'receiving layers a of tobacco in carrying out the firststep of theprocess. Fig. 2 a transverse'section through conveyer chains upon whichthe trays are mounted, said trays being shown in elevation and therebeing shown above the traystrimming knives whereby'the tobacco layersare out 01f along the edges of the'traysfin carrying outthe second stepof the'method. Fig. 3 is an elevation of a portion of a case and showingtrays therein whereby the layers of trimmed tobacco may be cured priorto being supplied to the bundle or stack forming mechanism. Fig. 4c is aperspective view of one of the trays in position at one side of themechanism provided for holding the stack or bundle and for forming thebunches and shaping said bunches. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of apneumatic conveyer which can be employed for lifting the layer oftobacco from the tray and depositing it within the bundle or stackholder. Fig. 6 is asection through the tray and showing the conveyer inposition thereabove. Fig. 7 is a transverse section through the stack orbundleholder and showing several layers deposited therein, the positionof the conveyer above the holder being indicated .by dotted lines. Fig.8 is a perspective view of the bundle or stack compressing and severinghead. Fig. 9 is an end elevation thereof. Fig. 10' is a plan view of thestack or bundle holder and of the shaping mechanism at the sidesthereof. Fig. 11 is an enlarged transverse section through a portion ofthe stack or bundle holder and showing the compressing and severing headin position immediately subsequent to the compression of the stack orbundle and the separation thereof into separate bunches. Fig. 12 is aperspective view of the cut-off and feeding head used at each side ofthe stack or bundle holder. Fig. 13

is an enlarged vertical longitudinal section,

through a portion of the stack holder and showing a bunch projected toposition under the cut-off and feeding head and above the shapingmechanism, a binder being shown in position upon said mechanism ready tobe delivered to the shaped bunch. Fig. la is a view showingdiagrammatically, the relative positions of the parts of the shapingmechanism during the feeding of the severed bunch thereto. Fig. 15 is aview similar to Fig. 145 and showing the relative positions of the partsduring the shaping of the bunch and the application of the binderthereto. Fig. 16 is a view similar to Figs. 14: and l5-and showing therelative positions .of the parts during the discharge of the shapedbunch after the'application of the binder thereto. ,Fig. 1'7 is a viewpartly in elevation and partly in section showing modified means fordepositing layers of tobacco successively within the stack holder. Fig.18 is a similar view showing another means for depositing the layers inthe stack holder. Fig. 19 is a side elevation showing the means wherebylayers can be lifted successively from a continuously moving conveyerand carried-to the stack holder. Fig. 20 is a view partly in sectionshowing a stack holder which can be of considerable length and in whichmay be formed a stack which does not require separation into bunches butwhich, instead,

is of the same crosssectional area as the bunch which might be producedby longitudinal separation as hereinbefore set forth. Fig. 21 is a planview of the meeting ends of twovtrays so shaped that, when trimmed, thelayers, when superimposed, will produce a stack havin serrated ends.Fig. 22 is a detail view of a combined cutofi and feeding head utilizinga serrated knife whereby, when the bunches are cut ofi' in lengths, theywill be formed in one end with V-shaped incisions, and at their otherends with tapered projections whereby, in the shaping of the bunches,said bunches can be formed with tapered ends without producingundesirable compression of the tobacco at the ends of the bunches.

, Referring to the figures by .characters of reference 1 designatestrays having foraminous bottoms and the trays may be sup ported by aconveyer 2, the chains of which have been shown in section at 3 in Fig.2. The trays are adapted tobe placed close together and tobacco leavesare arranged in a layer of uniform thickness over all the trays.Suitable severing and trimming means, such as knives 4 depending from avertically movable frame 5, may be supported above the trays so that, bydepressing said means, any portions of the contents of the trays whichmay project beyond the exposed or outer edges of said trays will be cutoff and the contents ofthe several trays will be severed without waste.If the trays are provided with straight edges, the leaves of tobaccocarriedby the trays will thus be out along the straight edges whereasshould the trays be. provided with toothed or serrated ends, as shown at6 in-Fig. 21, serrated knives or the like can be used so that thecontours of the edges of the layers of tobacco will correspond with thecontours of'the edges of the trays.

A curing rack for the reception of the trays has been indicated at 7 andcan be of any construction desired. .The conveyer 2 is adapted to carrythe trays close to or up to a stack holder preferably in the form of arectangular frame 8, the bottom portion of this frame being sub-dividedinto parallel channels by partitions 9 arranged in pairs, the partitions.of each pair being slightly spaced apart to form a knife receivingrecess 10 extending longitudinally of the partitions. Bunch receivingchannels 11 are formed between the pairs of partitions. The bottom ofthe stack holder is closed, as shown at 12. Each pair of partitions 9 issurrounded longitudinally by an endless belt 13 mounted on rollers H atthe ends of the partitions'and each belt moves oppositely to thedirection of movement of the next adjoining belt so that adjoining beltswill thus cooperate to eject longitudinally any bunches which may bedeposited in the channels 11, as will be apparentby tion of the belts,has: been indicated by: ar-

Various means may be provided forre moving the layers of tobacco from.thetrays 1 and depositing them in the stack holder. One means employedconsists of: a rectangular hollow conveyer head 15 the bottom face ofwhich is provided With aforaminous cover 16 coextensive with the tray. Aflex.- ible tube 17 extends from the interior of head upon the layer oftobaccosupported by a tray, it will be seen that the force of].

the suction will cause thelayer: oftobaoco to adhere tothe'foraminous'faoe 16.so that,

when thehead 1 5 is shifted away from. the tray, the layer of tobaccowill be carried therewith. The head 1*5' can then beplaced directly overthe stack holder-and, Whenthe 2 suction through the tube 17 is broken inany suitable manner, thesupported layer of:

tobacco will be released and will thusgravitate into the stack holder. 1

Instead of utilizing a conveyer such as.

shown in Figs.- 5 and 6, a tray receiver: 18 may behingedly connected,asat'l9, torone wall of the stack holder andthistray holder, which isclosed' at its sides and bottom, may.

be provided with a flexible tube 20-opening thereinto and connected toasuitable suction device. The tray'containing the layer of tobacco to bedeposit'edE'in the stack.

holder is adapted to be placed uponathe receiver 18 and, when suction-isset up:thr ough the tube 20, the layer of: tobacco supported.

by the tray Wlll bG=GHlISGdI to adhere-thereto so that the receiver 18can thus be swung about its hinge-19 sov as toxassume an invertedposition above the stack holder 8,

this movement being effected without. displacing any part of the layerof tobacco Another means for directing the layers-of.

tobacco into the stackholder hasbeen shown in'Fig. 18-. By referring tothis figure'it will be seen that an open trayxsupporting.

frame 21 is hingedly connected, as at; 22 .to

. the stack holder and'the tray 1 on whichthe layer of tobacco isarranged, placed.- in. this of the tray so that the saidlayer will thusbe brought to position above the holder 8 without becoming displacedrelative to the tray and, assoon. as thetray is brought to a standabove-the. holder 8,..the layer of to, bacco will gravitate into theholder In Fig. 19. I have illustrated: a conveyer 22 which. can beoperated either continuously or intermittently and. trays may be carriedby. this conveyer so as to be brought successively into position under aconveyer heads231 such as shownv in Figs. 5 "and 6 or, if desired, auniform. layer of tobacco canbe. arranged on this conveyer, said layerbeing divided into lengths and said lengths being-brought successivelyinto position underthe conveyer head-23 sothat theywill be liftedsuccessively from the conveyer and carried to thestack holder.

After. apredetermined number of layers of tobacco-have beenplaced' inthe holder 8, these layers eitherbeing of the same kind of tobacco or ofdifferent kinds, as before pointed out, the compressing and severinghead shown in. detail 'in Figs. 8 and 9, is brought into This-head ismade up of' a backinga24r ghaving' a-series of parallel compressingcleats'25' constitutingfollowers;

these cleats or followersbeing spaced apart suflicient distancestoreceive betWeen-them' the pairs. of partitions 9 when the head isloweredintothe h0ldery8: Supported hetweenthe-cleats-or followers 25 aresevering knives. 26, these knives extending downwardly-belmv the cleatsor followers'and being adapted,when the head: is lowered, toenterbetweenthe partitions of each pair;

With the stack made up of the superim posed layersiof tobacco restingonthe partitions 9, the compressingand severinghead islowered so. asthus to cause the knives 26 to. cut through. the" stackpthese' knives atthe sametime entering the spaces 10 while the cleats or followers 25.will press the bunches thus formed, into-.the channels 11, as shown in!Fig. 11.. Thuseach of'the plurality of bunches thus formediwill be aduplicate of thezother bunches, said bunches being made up of: the samenumber. of layers arranged in: the same sequence, eachlayer of eachbunch. beingcontinuous throughout the length and Width thereofaand thegrain of each. layer beingnextendedl in the direction offthe lengthof'the'bunch.

After the compressing and severing head hasibeen raised; out.of-engagement with the bunches producediin the mannerset forth, thebelts 13,. are-set inunot-ion soas to shift the bunches longitudinally.in the directionsindicated: by the arrows in" Fig.7- Thus alternatebunches will. be projected beyond one side of theholder 8 while theremaining bunchesrwillibe projected beyond the other projected. from theholder, are devices for shapingthose portions of the bunches sup l 1 offand feeding head has been shown. in de tail, it being understood thatone of these heads is to be located at each side of the holder 8. Saidhead includes a backing 28.

having depending cleats or followers 29 which are parallel and locatednormally above the paths of the projecting portions of the bunches.Those ends of the cleats or followers 29 nearest the holder 8 areprovided with cut 01f blades 30 so that, when the cut-off and feedinghead is moved downwardly, the blades 30 will cut oif the projectingportions of the bunches close. to the holder 8 while the cleats orfollowers 29 will press the severed portions down into the shapingmechanism 27.

The shaping mechanism is made up of several units along each side of theholder 8, and as the units are duplicates, it is deemed necessary todescribe only one of them. As shown in Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16, eachunit is made up of an eccentrically mounted roller 31 arranged in thesame horizontal plane with a roller 32 on which is mounted an inclinedendless foraminous conveyer 33. The. upper or outer flight of thisconveyer travels over the open face of a suction box 34 the interior ofwhich is connected by a tube 35 to a suitable suction device. Thesuction through the conveyer 33 and the box 34:..TS'

normally cut off in any preferred manner, as by means of avalve 35. Thegreatest distance between the roller 32 and the eccentric roller 31 issubstantially equal to the width of the channels 11 and the pass formedbetween these two rollers 31 and 32 is located directly under theprojecting portion of one of the bunches formed in the holder 8;

An eccentrically mounted roller 37 is adapted to be shifted horizontallyinto or out of position above the center of the passbetween the rollers31 and 32 and another,

eccentrically mounted roller 38 is adapted to be shifted horizontallyinto or out of position under the center ofthe pass between the rollers31 and 32. These rollers 31, 37 and 38 and the elevator 33 can berotated in any desired manner and it is not deemed necessary toillustrate or describe mechanism provided for that purpose. It need onlybe stated that before the cut-off and feedin heads are moved downwardlyas hereinbefore described, the upper concentric rollers 37 of theseveral units are shifted horizontally out of position above the passesbetween the rollers31 and 32 so that, when the cut-off and feeding headsare lowered, the severed lengths will be pressed downwardly into thepasses between the rollers 31 and 32 and onto the rollers 38. Theposition of the material immediately prior to being severed anddepressed is illustrated in shaping units, the rollers 37 are shiftedhorizontally back to their initial positions, one of the units beingthus illustrated in Fig. 1-5. The several rollers are then rotatedsimultaneously and, by reason of the factv that they are eccentricallymounted, they will operate to grip, roll and release the bunch so thatthe action set up will be substantially like that produced by the handof a person engaged in forming cigars, it being customary for such aperson to compress the bunch in the hand, then open the hand and againcompress the bunch, this action causing the bunch to gradually rotate inthe hand as it is successively gripped or compressed. After the bunchhas been compressed and rolled until the desired shape has been obtained, a binder is-placed obliquely upon the upper or outer face of theconveyer 33 and'suction is set up through the box 34: and tube 35 sothat the binder Will thus be caused to adhere to the conveyer. As theconveyer is moving continuously during the rolling of the severedportion of the bunch it will be seen that as soon as the binder isplaced on the conveyer andsuction is set up, the said binder will becaused to move upwardly into the path formed between the conveyer andthe rolled bunch. By placing an adhesive upon the upper corner of thebinder it will stick to the bunch so that the said binder will wraparound the bunch.

during the further rotation thereof, there being another portion ofadhesive upon the lower corner. of the binder so that, upon thecompletion of the. binding operation, the said binder will remainfastened in place. As soon as the binder has been applied in the'mannerdescribed, the lower roller 38 isshifted. horizontally from under theshaped bunch and said bunch, having the form of'a cigar, will drop intoa chute 39 or other receiver from which it can be removed and afinishing wrapper placed thereon, whereupon the cigar will be ready foruse.

It is to be understood of course that the rollers 31, 37 and 38 can beso shaped as to give the cigars any desired longitudinal contour.WVh'ere the ends of the cigars are to be tapered it is desired to removesome of the tobacco therefrom so that there will not be undesirablecompression of the ends of the cigar. In order to effect this result thetrays can be provided with serrated ends as shown at 6 in Fig. .21 andinstead of providing straight blades 30 upon the cut-off and feedingheads, V-shaped blades can be used, as shown at 40 in Fig. 22 so thatone end of each severed portion of a bunch will be V-shaped while theother end of said severed portion willbe formed with a V-shaped recess.Thus; tapering of the ends of the severed portion of the bunchfor thepurpose of producing a cigar having tapered ends will not resultundesirable compression of the tobacco at the ends, and consequently,the draft through the cigar will not be interfered with. p

As before stated, instead of utilizing a broad stack made up oflayersand subsequently cutting the stack longitudinally to form separatebunches, the layers can be formed in a narrow stack of the width of anordinary bunch. ,Mechanism for this purpose has been shownin Fig. 20wherein a holder 41 has been shown provided, at its sides, with belts 42the adjoining flights of which are adapted to move in the samedirection. The top of theholder is open and head 44 vertically the layerof tobacco supplied to the holder can be quickly cut into strips whichwill be deposited one upon the other in the holder. The belts 42 canthen be actuated to shift the bunchthus formed longitudinally out of theholder 41 after which said bunch can be cut off in lengths and thevarious lengths shaped in the manner hereinbefore described.

It will be obvious of coursethat mechanism other than that hereindescribed can be used for carrying out the various steps of the processconstituting the present invention and for that reason it has not beendeemed necessary to enter into a detailed explanation of theconstruction ofthe various parts or. of the means whereby they may beactuated in proper succession or timed relation.

It has been found that by cutting from the stack bunches of slightlygreater width than those otherwise produced and then rolling the bunchesspirally instead of in the manner shown, beneficial results can beobtained.

Furthermore whilelayers can be superimposed to form stacks, it is to beunderstood that each layerbefore being placed in a stack can beofthesame size asor smaller ,to form bunches of uniform size, sub ect1ng thanthe bunch to be formed so that-there sultant stack will form either acomplete bunch or a part of a bunch. The term What is claimed-is:.

,,- .1. The herein described step in the method producing a plurality ofcigarsof equal stack to form bunches of uniform size.

2. The herein described step in the method of producing a,plurality ofcigars of equal quality, which includes first arranging the filler stockin separate substantially unbroken layers 0f substantially uniformthickness and area, eachlayer being formed of a plurality of leaves ofsubstantially the same grade, the grain of the stockof'each layer-beingextended in the samegeneral direction, then superimposing the layersbodily to form a stack, the grain of all the layers being extended inthe same general direction, and then cutting through the stack to formbunches of uniform size.

.3. The herein described step in the method of producing a plurality ofcigars of equal quality, which includes first forming the stock inlayers, each layer being formedof aplurality ofxleaves of substantiallythe same grade, the stock of one layer being dif ferent from the stockof another layer and eaclrlayer being substantially unbroken andsubstantially uniform in thickness, all of thelayers being coextensive,and then conveying the layers bodily in predetermined succession to astack holder.

4:. The hereindescribed step in the method of producing a plurality ofcigars of equal quality, which includes firstarranging stock in separatesubstantially unbroken layers of substantially uniform area andthickness, each layer being formed of a plurality of leaves ofsubstantially the same grade, then moving the layers bodily tosuperimpose them to form a stack, cutting through'the stack to formbunches of uniform size, and subjecting the severed bunches to theaction of shaping rollers.

p 5. The herein described method of producinga plurality of cigars ofequal quality, which includes first arranging stock inseparatesubstantially unbroken layers of sub stantially uniform area andthickness, each layer being formed of a plurality of leaves ofsubstantially the same grade, then moving the layers bodily tosuperimpose them to fOTII1tStaGk, tl18I1 cutting through the stack thesevered bunches to the action of shaping rollers, and feeding a binderto each bunch while acted upon by the rollers.

6. The herein described method of producing a plurality of cigars ofequal quality, which includes first arranging stock in separatesubstantially unbroken layers of substantially uniform thickness andarea upon invertible foraminous trays, each layer being formed of aplurality of leaves of substantially the same grade, then holding thelayers in engagement with the trays by air pressure during the inversionof the trays in predetermined succession to deposit'the layers in astack holder, and releasing the layers from the inverted trays whenpositioned above the stack holder by relieving the layers from'the airpressure.

7 The herein described method of producing a pluralityof cigars of equalquality, which includes first arranging the stock in separatesubstantially unbroken layers of substantially uniform area andthickness, each layer being formed of a plurality of leaves ofsubstantially the same grade, then moving the layers bodily tosuperimpose them to form a stack, then cutting through the stack to formbunches of uniform size, then projecting the bunches longitudinally fromtheir original positions, severing the projecting portions of thebunches, and rolling the several portions about their longitudinal axes.c

8. The herein described method of pro ducing a plurality of cigars ofequal quality, which includes first arranging the stock in separatesubstantially unbroken'layers of substantially uniform area andthickness, each layer being formed of a plurality of leaves ofsubstantially the same grade, then separately and bodily moving thelayers to superimpose them to form a stack, thencutting through thestack to form bunches of uniform size, then projecting the buncheslongitudinally from'their original position,

severing the projecting portions of the at bunches, and subjecting thesevered bunches to the action of eccentrically mounted rollers to shapethe bunches.

9. The herein described method of producing a plurality of cigars ofequal quality, which includes first arranging the stock in separatesubstantially unbroken layers of substantially uniform area andthickness, each layer being formed of a plurality of leaves ofsubstantially the same grade, then separately and bodily moving thelayers to superimpose them to form a stack,-then cutting through thestack to form bunches of uniform size, then projecting the buncheslongitudinally from their original positions, severing the projecting,portions of the bunches, then rolling the severed portions about theirlongitudinal axes, and feeding a binder to the severed portions whilesubjected to the action of the rollers. v

10. The herein described step in the method of producing a plurality ofcigars of equal quality, Which includes first arranging filler stock inseparate substantially unbroken layers of substantially uniformthickness, each layer being formed of a plurality of leaves ofsubstantially the same grade, then superimposing the layers bodily toform a stack, and then cutting through the stack to form bunches ofuniform size.

method of producing a plurality of cigars of equal quality, whichincludes arranging a plurality of holders close together in separategroups, spreading tobacco leaves of one grade over all of the holders ofone group to form a single layer of uniform thickness and quality,spreading tobacco leaves of another grade over all of the holders of theother group to form a single layer of uniform thickness and quality, andsevering each layer along the meeting edges of its holders, thereby todivide the layer into separate sections without waste, and then sectionof the other layer.

' 13. 'In a cigar machine, the process of making cigar bunch fillers,comprising arranging leaves and portions thereof in a substantiallyunbroken layer substantially of the thickness of a singleleaf, saidleaves and portions thereof being of substantially uni-c form grade, andcutting from said layer substantially uniform sections.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto affixedmy signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

' ALBERT A. HEYMAN. .Witnesses:

WM. HOLLINGSWORTI-I,

DAVID S. HYNES.

Copies of this patent may be obtainedfor five cents each,by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. O.

superposing a section of one layer upon a

